Odin is one of the principal gods in Old Norse literature. He is associated with rule, war, the dead, poetry, magic, runes, and a relentless search for knowledge. The title Allfather appears in medieval sources, but Odin is not a simple benevolent creator or the sole ruler of every Norse divine power.
Knowledge at a price
Odin gives an eye for a drink from Mímir’s well and hangs wounded on a tree for nine nights to gain runic knowledge. These episodes present wisdom as dangerous and costly. He also steals the mead of poetry through disguise, seduction, and transformation.
Warriors and the dead
Odin sends Valkyries and receives some of the battle-slain in Valhalla, while the poem Grímnismál says Freyja receives half. He can grant victory and withdraw it. Kings and warriors seek his favor, yet stories also make him deceptive and capable of provoking conflict.
Animals, names, and sources
The ravens Huginn and Muninn, wolves Geri and Freki, and eight-legged horse Sleipnir surround Odin in poetry and prose. He appears under many names that suit disguise and travel. Most narrative details come from medieval Icelandic manuscripts, which preserve varied poetic traditions rather than a single creed.